Female genital Mutilation in Sudan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Female genital Mutilation in Sudan - Essay Example Concentrate is additionally drawn on the various courses through which the administration of Sudan, diverse worldwide offices, nearby non-legislative associations, and common gatherings are attempting to stop this harsh practice. Networks that training FGM perform it in differing ways. The World Health Organization has created three significant classes of FGM. There is Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. Type 1 female circumcision is alluded to as clitoridectomy. This principally includes the evacuation of the tip of the prepuce, with or without extraction of part or the whole clitoris. In Type 2, there is the evacuation of the clitoris along with part or the entirety of the labia minora. Type 3 female circumcision is additionally called infibulation. This includes the expulsion of most or the entirety of the female genitalia. In this sort, there is likewise the sewing of the vaginal opening, where just a little opening is considered pee and menstrual stream (Islam and Uddin 2001, p. 72). Ty pe 3 is viewed as the most extreme type of FGM. In Sudan, there are various names that are utilized to allude to every one of the three sorts of female circumcision. Type 1 is alluded to as â€Å"Sunna.† This includes the evacuation of the tip of the prepuce. ... For example, a portion of the Muslim Sudanese hold that female circumcision is bolstered by Islam. Then again, the Muslim scholars in Sudan accept that there is no arrangement for FGM in the Koran (Islam and Uddin 2001, p. 73). In any case, Turshen (2000, p. 145) takes note of that FGM is connected to Islam, despite the fact that not every single Muslim nation maintain it. As to the pervasiveness of female circumcision in Sudan, the discoveries of Sudan Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) of 1989 - 1990 show that 89% of the ever-hitched ladies have experienced some type of FGM. The Northern piece of Sudan positions high, with around 99% of the ever-hitched ladies having experienced circumcision (Landinfo 2008, p. 6). In 2001, Islam and Uddin led an examination in Sudan to decide the predominance of female circumcision in the area. Their investigation concentrated on Haj-Yousif and Shendi, which are in the North, just as Juba, in the South. In any case, in this paper, the attention i sn't on South Sudan. The investigation of Islam and Uddin (2001, p. 74) uncovered that female circumcision is exceptionally pervasive in Sudan. 100% of the respondents in Shendi, and 87% of respondents in Haj-Yousif had experienced circumcision. The most pervasive type of female circumcision was seen as the Pharaonic circumcision, which is the most serious structure. In Sudan, the procedure of female circumcision is performed by lay professionals. These have practically zero information on the female life systems, or medication. The conditions under which female circumcision happens in Sudan are underneath the cleanliness gauges. Moreover, no sedation is performed on the females before circumcision, and there is no cleaning of the instruments used to perform female circumcision (Landinfo 2008, p. 9). A significant motivation behind why

Review of Applications of Accounting Information System of Petroleum

Today the serious world has tossed more difficulties to the corporate world. Increasingly straightforward and clear data to the corporate administration and its clients additionally has been the stunt of achievement in today’s advertise. An organization can pick up certainty and draw in more clients on the off chance that it is straightforward, clear considerable and emotional in its data it gives to its speculators and chiefs. Keeping this in see Accounting Information System has been the discussion of the corporate world.The oil delivering nations are likewise compelled to follow certain advancements in their bookkeeping frameworks in order to get more data in regards to dispersion and sharing of benefits among its financial specialists. This article is an examination on the significance and furthermore uses of AIS in oil organizations with unique reference to Yemen. Idea and meaning of AIS The meaning of AIS has developed throughout the years from one concentrating on the a rrangement of increasingly formal, monetarily quantifiable data to aid dynamic procedures to one that grasps an a lot more extensive extent of information.The measurements used to mirror the structure of AIS incorporate center, direction, time skyline, conglomeration, combination, practicality, money related and non-monetary, and quantitative and subjective. Characterizing AIS has been troublesome today and research here is very various. It incorporates conduct investigations of review choice †making instruments, field investigations of authoritative frameworks, plan, improvement of general record frameworks, and improvement of bookkeeping models that successfully use progression in PC innovation, utilization of various innovation answers for AIS circumstances, and numerous different sorts of studies.In general, a data framework is utilized to speak to this present reality wonders with a lot of images which are caught and actualized inside a mechanized domain (McCarthy, 1979). In this way, a bookkeeping data framework is one that interprets portrayals of monetary exercises into an organization that is significant to bookkeepers and to their clients I. e. , business chiefs, who need data about financial exercises. Bookkeepers are being constrained to rethink their commitment to associations and to extend the extent of their exercises past budget summary planning and analysis.They are being called upon to become dynamic undertaking wide colleagues who give data and direction in vital dynamic welcome. Likewise, everyday tasks chiefs request a wide scope of money related and non-budgetary execution measures. Thusly, if AIS will permit today’s bookkeepers to give the data, business chiefs, should meet the accompanying definition: â€Å"An bookkeeping data framework is one that catches, stores, controls, and presents information, about an organization’s esteem adding exercises to help leaders in arranging, checking, and controlling the associatio n. This definition positively incorporates money related bookkeeping frameworks, which have the basic role of producing fiscal reports as per Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Notwithstanding; this definition perceives that organizations must play out a wide scope of significant worth including exercises, (for example, creation, circulation, deals, and so on ) to be effective, and that the kinds of data expected to mange such exercises will be broad. In this manner, the extent of corporate frameworks that are incorporated under the AIS umbrella is a lot more extensive than the general record framework and the projects that get ready diary passages to take care of it.Actually, AIS is a framework that guides in handling exchanges and in following the information that outcome from such exchanges. These frameworks likewise should give execution estimations (monetary and non-money related) and help to implement the board control goals. They incorporate exchange preparing f rameworks, (for example, charging frameworks for deals forms), interorganizational frameworks that share information with upstream and downstream accomplices, (for example, online request frameworks and electronic information trade money receipt handling), and backing systems.This empowers financial trades, (for example, request handling, client showcase investigation, and stock control frameworks). This definition has solid integrative ramifications. For instance, the effect of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) frameworks available has been emotional. These frameworks were at first planned around center capacities, for example, assembling or HR. As they developed, their expansiveness extended to incorporate considerably more of the organization’s exercises. The key trademark they grasped was building up a coordinated information store which was available by clients all through the organization.ERP frameworks give enormous measures of information that is up dated continuousl y, and they can give more prominent arranging support and a more extensive scope of execution estimations which were done already by assembling or the executives arranging frameworks. Bookkeeping Information System (AIS) is the Information subsystem inside an association that collects data from the entity’s different subsystems and conveys it to the organization’s data preparing subsystem. The AIS has generally centered around gathering, handling, and imparting money related situated data to a company’s outer gatherings (e. . speculators, leasers, and government specialists) and inside gatherings (fundamentally the board). Under the customary perspective on AIS, each organization’s utilitarian territories, for example, showcasing, creation, fund, and HR, keep up a different data framework. Be that as it may, associations have discovered the need to incorporate these different frameworks into one consistent database or to big business wide data framework. Today, the AIS is worried about non-money related data just as monetary information and information.Accounting Information System (AIS) depends on esteem bookkeeping hypothesis which are intended to store and sum up budgetary exchanges used to deliver fiscal reports as per Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and to record to the proprietors of the business along these lines. The figure No. 1 has demonstrated Accounting Information System as sensible piece of MIS. The board Information System (MIS) is characterized as a sorted out strategy for furnishing data to every trough with all the information and just those information which he requirements for his choices when he needs them and in a structure, which helps to comprehend and invigorate his action.Fig. No. 1 Illustrates AIS as a Logical Part of MIS. To put it plainly, the specialists concur with the definition by Remney Steinbart (2000) : An Accounting data framework (AIS) comprises of individuals, strategies and dat a innovation. Bookkeeping Information Systems Functions: Meigs et al. (1999) determined the fundamental elements of bookkeeping frameworks in creating data about the money related situation of a business and the aftereffects of its tasks; each bookkeeping framework performs following essential capacities: 1. Decipher and record the impacts of business exchanges. 2.Classify the impacts of comparable exchanges in a way that grants assurance of the different aggregates and subtotals valuable to the executives and utilized in bookkeeping reports. 3. Sum up and convey the data contained in the framework to leaders. The distinctions in bookkeeping frameworks emerge principally in the way and speed with which these capacities are performed. They guarantee full control, which affirm the exactness in recording and controlling the information identified with business movement and furthermore, ensure those information and associations resources. Qualities of Accounting Information:Stambaugh ; Carpente, (1992) included in quickly the Information attributes as follows. 1-Provided on convenient premise. 2-Presented in a tastefully engaging configuration. 3-Relevant to the current choices. 4-Concise yet adequate in degree to permit â€Å"what-if† investigation. 5-Flexible to interface with data from other utilitarian units. There is additionally a few attributes decide the characteristics that make data important: 1. Expenses versus-benefits: some of the time data costs more to get extra data than the data is worth.Thus, money saving advantage considers to give a general imperative on the measure of data a chief will get. 2. Understandability/Granularity/Aggregation: Many elements can add to the understandability of data, including client information, ability, preparing, and inspiration. Likewise, data structure decisions its degree of accumulation (or granularity) which will influence its understandability, henceforth, its helpfulness for controlling data uprightness . For certain reasons, exceptionally accumulated data might be called for; while for different purposes, extremely point by point data might be required.Thus, properly customized degrees of granularity/conglomeration can be empowering influences of data honesty. An intermediary for the understandability of data is its similarity with client indicated necessities. 3. Unwavering quality : the data must be solid, you should have the option to rely on its being what its motivation to be (this is known, all the more officially, as authentic loyalty), and on its being sensibly liberated from blunder and predisposition (this is known, all the more officially, as nonpartisanship) . Moreover , for data to be dependable, it should be true.If seversal distinctive people(or systems)set out to get the data from the information, they should all arrive at a similar resolution (this is know, all the more officially, as undeniable nature). Infomration that isn't veriable , or not impartial, or not a uthentically devoted can’t be depended on for dynamic. 4. Cash/Timeliness: It must be acknowledged that total fulfillment and precision are unimaginable or unfeasible to accomplish. Data Curre

Critically Evaluate The Cognitive Theory Of Stereotyping. Essay Example For Students

Fundamentally Evaluate The Cognitive Theory Of Stereotyping. Article Word Count: 3201B231: Social Interaction, Exam Paper 1998, Question 4. Graeme GordonStereotyping is a type of pre judgment that is as common in todays society as it was 2000 years prior. It is a social mentality that has stood the trial of time and got a lot of consideration by social analysts and logicians the same. Numerous ways to deal with, or hypotheses of generalizing have accordingly been raised. This exposition assesses the psychological methodology that categorisation is a fundamental intellectual procedure that definitely prompts generalizing. Hamilton (1979) calls this a discouraging predicament. Tans (1995) meaning of generalizing through preference is the holding of censorious social perspectives or intellectual convictions, the declaration of negative effect, or the showcase of antagonistic or prejudicial conduct towards individuals from a gathering because of their participation to that gathering. This definition infers that generalizing is essentially a gathering procedure, through the people minds inside that gathering. A further thought of generalizing, characterized by Allport (1954) as considering sick others without warrant, is that individuals make their psyche up with no close to home understanding. This pre judgment about an entire gathering is then moved to the trashing of any people in that gathering. It is these thoughts that the article intends to assess, through the intellectual procedure of categorisation and the above definitions that realize three unmistakable highlights of generalizing, that our cognizance can be shown through. The principal normal for generalizing is over-speculation. Various examinations led found that various mixes of attributes were related with gatherings of various ethnic and national source (Katz and Braly, 1933). Nonetheless, generalizing doesn't suggest that all individuals from a gathering are decided in these manners, simply that a run of the mill individual from a gathering can be sorted in such decisions, that they have the qualities of the gathering. All things considered, when we discuss a gathering, we do as such by envisioning an individual from that gathering. The subsequent component and normal for generalizing is the misrepresentation of the contrast between ones own gathering (the in-gathering) and the other gathering (the out-gathering). This can be followed back to crafted by Tajfel during the 1950s the emphasis rule (Tajfel, 1981). Tajfels work was explicitly on physical improvements, and presumed that decisions on such boosts are not made in disengagement, however with regards to different components. Applied socially a judgment about an out-bunch depends upon different components encompassing the judgment being referred to, just as saying something about the in-gathering and the connection between the two gatherings. Through generalizing and categorisation we misrepresent the contrasts between the gatherings. From this comes the impact that in accepting an out-bunch is homogenous, through overstated contrasts, their in-bunch isn't with particularly less over-speculation occurring (Linville, et al., 1986). The third attribute of generalizing is that of the outflow of qualities. Most cliché decisions of gathering attributes are in truth moral assessments (Howitt, et al., 1989). For instance, Katz and Braly (1933) contemplated a gathering of understudies mentalities to towards minority gatherings. They found that Jews were ascribed to being mean (as far as cash), as opposed to they themselves being high-rollers. Additionally, they found that there was a solid view that French individuals were edgy. This really infers they are over-sensitive over the standard, as everyone is edgy, as such, and in this way there would be no need to make reference to it. Finishing up from this, it is legitimate to state that a worth has been put on a trademark for this situation, a cliché one. An analysis with quite a bit of this examination is that members are solicited to make decisions out from social setting in unique circumstances. Howitt, et al. (1989) express that this prompts a harsh ramifications: that ascribing a gathering with a trademark is likewise retaining others. Be that as it may, generalizing prompts more than simply setting a modifier onto a gathering or classification. The intellectual procedures that offer motivation to generalizing are a lot further than this, offering ascend to the above attributes. The subjective way to deal with generalizing is that we as a whole generalization, at different levels as a result of the fundamental psychological procedure of categorisation (Brown, 1995). Howitt, et al. (1989) take this view likewise, and include that it is a standard procedure of thought to over-sum up, and afterward ensure it. We live in a perplexing social condition, which we have to disentangle into gatherings, or classifications. This disentanglement is available at all degrees of life it is a piece of our language, recognizing pooch and feline, male and female, and even in the fundamental thought processes of recognizing nourishment and non-nourishment. Such categorisation may appear to be semantically straightforward, however is fundamental for instance, the arrangement of components and creatures by scholars and scientific experts: one of the most essential elements of all life forms is the cutting up of the earth into groupings (Rosch, et al., 1976). Notwithstanding, the point must be made that, despite the fact that language recommends in this way, categorisation prompts various capacities and highlights in non-people and people. For generalizing is absent in non-people, along these lines, we may reach the resolution that generalizing is conceivable through etymology this subject is examined furthe r later. This categorisation likewise has shifting profundities of good importance, or worth, which can prompt differing levels of generalizing. For instance, the categorisation of Catholic Protestant in Northern Ireland. Categorisation is viewed as a method for requesting what we see (Billig, 1985), boosts of the outer world that should be disentangled, utilizing notable pictures, to go into our momentary memory (Neisser, 1976). This improvement procedure changes James blossoming, humming disarray into a progressively sensible world in which it is simpler to adjust categorisation is an intellectual adjustment. For we don't have the ability to react diversely to every improvement, regardless of whether it be an individual, an item, or an occasion. Categorisation is significant in consistently life, just as in the most outrageous of conditions for instance, the segregation among companion and adversary. For categorisation to be valuable, we improve the distinction between gatherings. This was seen as the case at both social and physical levels, and later got known as the emphasis rule (see above). Be that as it may, the differentiation between physical improvements and social articles must be clarified. We ourselves our social items, accordingly, we are involved by such categorisations. As Hogg and Abrams (1988) state: it is dangerous to dismiss this thought. This can be found in the emphasis of out-bunch homogeneity (Park and Rothbart, 1982). Mary Flannery O’Connor Analysis EssayWe know about the chance and capacity to change. Notwithstanding, we don't communicate this adaptability since it is an interruption of the standard, or, of the social gathering thought. Goffman (1959) sees regular daily existence as dramaturgical (All the universes a phase, and all the people just players Shakespeare). To upset this is change the content, and break out of the similarity of the social gathering, self-to-self and to other people. All things being equal, this delineates through our capacity to classify, we can particularize and accomplish more with the boosts than aggregate more cases of foreordained classifications (Billig, 1985). In Billigs elective way to deal with generalizing, he additionally raises the purpose of classification determination an issue that subjective therapists have frequently ignored. Tversky and Gati (1978) found that various boosts are decided on their likenesses and contrasts before categorisation an d this judgment can be diverse relying upon what way the improvements is seen. Billigs point is that we should particularize before classifying and in this way a connection has been shaped. Categorisation infers an inflexibility in our insight. Generalizations, ordinarily, are over speculations. Such rigidity is certifiably not a potential procedure of our perception categorisation don't exist in confinement (Billig, 1985). As categorisation prompts numerous classifications, through its definition, without a doubt just a single such classification might be so unbending and firm, as different classifications must be utilized by it, and in this way be adaptable. In this manner, categorisation is anything but an unbending procedure, yet includes change which is intelligent of our comprehension and change is conceivable (clashing with Allports definition). The contrast between two gatherings influences different traits of the out-gathering, including those that are like the in-gathering. By partitioning further such similitudes, we are starting a resistance against change in our perspectives and classifications. This imagination is another case of the adaptability of categorisation. In the most extraordinary cases, this can prompt an innovativeness exhibited by racial scholars, which truth be told, negates their preference and unbending nature of classes. This adaptability can be delineated further by contemplates that have indicated that in generalizing, individuals suggest that the vast majority of a gathering groups a stereotypic quality yet not all individuals. Accordingly, is the requirement for extraordinary cases, acknowledgment of individualisation and resistance (Billig, 1985). As indicated by the subjective methodology, generalizing is a gathering procedure. It might happen in gatherings, yet it is the individual minds that make up the gathering, that venture their generalizations through a gathering. We do be able to consider individuals to be people and particularize their one of a kind qualities. We can change, as even categorisation is adaptable, which subverts the psychological methodology with categorisation, despite the fact that it might require some investment on a social level. To finish up, the psychological methodology alone doesn't give us a comprehension of st

Bullying Case Study Analysis through the Major Psychology Studies

Bullying Case Study Analysis through the Major Psychology Studies Once upon a time, there was a girl named Sarah who went to school with children, studied in the university with other students or worked in an office with white collars. In fact, that doesn’t matter who, how old, and where she was. The thing is that she was kinda different, no matter how, maybe she was a bit taciturn, or liked a special type of food, or followed a separate religion, and because of that, Sarah often got picked on. Just because she was not like everyone else. Loads of people have been in Sarah’s shoes and got bullied because of the race, religion, social, gender or national differences, and, the chances are that they consider bullies the real villains. In some measure, that is the truth because every person has a choice. However, we would like you to have a look at the issue from a different perspective – the share of social impact on the bullying phenomenon. Stanford Prison Experiment Let’s consider any bullying case study in terms of the most popular psychological studies, and Stanford Prison Experiment is one of them. Regular students were placed in jail and were given roles: prisoners and guards. After some time, they got into the characters so much that guards assaulted prisoners psychologically and physically without any hints from the research team, and â€Å"convicts† accepted the abuse like normal behavior. After 6 days, the experiment was stopped. The result of the experiment stated that the reasons for such course of actions were not certain personalities of the participants or predisposition for violence, but the situation and environment were put in. Sounds familiar? The Third Wave Studying fascism in one of California high schools, students couldn’t understand how German people could have accepted the Nazi regime. In fact, they claimed that they would never join the movement willingly. To prove them wrong, the history teacher promoted some concepts mimicking certain peculiar features of the Nazi regime. After 5 days, the movement following these concepts got out of control, and the teacher gathered a meeting explaining what happened. Bullying appears as a result of stereotypes and standards set too high. The society itself produces bullies who pick on people refusing to follow the â€Å"correct† and approved by the majority rules. Asch Conformity Experiments Solomon Asch studied the phenomenon of people following the crowd. His most famous experiments consisted of placing real participants with fake ones. The real subjects of the studies had to give correct answers to different questions, but only after the fake ones had responded first (opting for a wrong variant). During the first sessions, participants answered correctly, but after some rounds, they followed the crowd and chose wrong variants. As you can see, these experiments prove the social nature of bullying. We don’t protect bullies by any means. We’re just saying that before blaming them for all the evil in the world, you should address bigger issues and raise people’s awareness about something like fakely set social standards if you really want to change the situation. Be smarter than those who follow the crowd. At AdvancedWriters.com service, we can provide you with case study analysis help from reliable writers.

The Information Security Team Commits Confidentiality,...

The Information Security team commits to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of assets. Even more, security policies clarify how the company intends to protect company assets against similar breaches in the future. For example, the Monitoring and Logging Policy define the following procedures to review: systems logs; access reports; administrator and operator logs; fault logs. Monitoring and logging are important to any information security program. In general, monitoring ensures users are doing legal activities on company systems. To begin with, a risk assessment determines what computers and systems to log, and naturally, the information security team monitors the high-risk systems. Next, trained personnel configure systems to facilitate monitoring and logging to track security incidents with approved system utilities or auditing tools, in other words, scripts, log management software, and security incident event management (ISO, 2005). Also, management will pre-approve tools, and controls will safeguard operational systems during the analysis process. Consequently, monitored systems and security events generates an audit log entry, thereby producing a time-stamped reference trail. In the end, the monitoring and logging policy will aid in protecting electronic protected health information (EPHI) on information systems. Monitoring and Logging Policy Justification First of all, a monitoring and logging policy is a crucial component of any security programShow MoreRelatedComputer Crimes And Its Effect On Our Individual Privacy1377 Words   |  6 Pagesnetwork. Many computers have been used to commit crimes, and it may target individual or groups to harm a victim intentionally. Basically, computers are used in several different roles of criminal activity and it affects our individual privacy. 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Contingency Approach & Change Management Process - Free Sample

Question: Define contingency approaches to change, explaining how they differ from change management models. Describe the five main change approaches according to the Dunphy/Stace model of change. List and explain the 5 reasons why contingency approaches remain less prevalent (less popular) than the one-best-way change management approaches. State your personal point of view on whether contingency approaches or planned change management approaches make more sense and why. Answer: Introduction: The contingency approach is a management theory which says that the contingency theory depends on the context of situation and that the most rigid style of approach is inefficient in the long run. Contingency managers give attention to both the situation and their own styles of management and ensure that both of them interact appropriately. Contingency approach is important in organizations because of the learning experience from certain situations and using these experiences in managing future prospects of such situations. An advantage of contingency theory is that the managers adapt themselves to external changes and pressures and with time they become experiential leaders who are able to develop their skills in multiple areas (Businessballs.com, 2015). In this assignment, contingency approach and its relation with change management models have been discussed. In this regard, this essay throws light on the dunphy/stace model of change and the reasons why contingency approach is less prevalent than change management approaches is also discussed. Change management models vs. contingency approach to change: In the book leading change by john kotter change management is defined as an approach o transitioning teams, organizations and individuals to a desired future state. There are various change management models such as ADKAR model, Kotters 8 steps model, Virginia stair change process model, Bridges transition model and the Switch Framework model. Contingency approach dominates research and theory in the management literature it challenges the classical models and processes designed by management theorists such as Fayol and Taylor. The contingency approach to change assumes that people, situations, organizations change and vary over time. The change management models are useful in the way that they simplify and describe a process so that the principles can be applied and understood. Kurt Lewins unfreeze-Transition-refreeze model is well known as its easy to understand and it focuses on processes. Similarly the Adkar model is used in many organizations (Education Portal, 2015). It is a p ractical model of change that makes sense, simple to learn and focuses on outcomes and actions required for change. Thus in simple words, Contingency approach to change, state that there is no single fundamental rule of change which can be applicable to organizations. Organizations are different and they face different situations and it require different ways of solving those variables while change management believes that organizational change is an inevitable approach and changes should be implemented in organizations to gain lasting success and long term benefits. Dunphy/Stace model of change: Dunphy/Stace model of contingency approach of change is the most popular contingency approach. According to these two theorists, the change depends upon two major factors The leadership styles in implementing the change The level of change and how big it is. They proposed five major change approaches. They are: 1. Fine tuning, 2. Incremental adjustment, 3. Process reengineering, 4. Modular transformation and 5. Corporate transformation 1. Fine tuning: Most of the businesses are changing in all kinds of ways. Small changes can create extraordinary resistance and whilst implementing change in business may be easy care should be taken in deployment2. Incremental adjustment: Incremental adjustment in an organization can involve changing business emphasis, correcting faulty processes, reallocating staff and further more.3. Process reengineering: business process reengineering is a process where the principle is that where changes have limited effects, these implemented changes should be forgotten and change should be implied in a new way.4. Modular transformation: the next stage is modular transformation i.e. to take an entire business section and re-build and re-think it.5. Corporate transformation: Corporate transformations involve major changes of the entire company. In some cases, where the company has stagnated, the whole company needs to be transformed for the new markets and modern age (International Internation al, 2015). Contingency approach is less prevalent than change management approaches: Contingency approaches have remained less prevalent than change management approaches. There are many reasons why contingency approaches are not dominant these days. Firstly, the managers need to decide which way to pursue for changing the situation. Secondly, contingency approach focuses more on specific leadership style rather than on a specific set of change steps of action. Next, the paths of change create problems as it arranges changes among different leadership styles, different behaviors and different times. Finally, sometimes an organization needs to change only a part of problem but rather it changes the whole parts (Referenceforbusiness.com, 2015). For all these reasons contingency approach is not dominant than change management approach. Effectiveness of the Processes: According to my opinion, change management process should be more applicable than contingency approach. As change is a necessary part of all organizations and it needs to change frequently rather than adapting to old ways we should look forward and welcome the changes that the future has to present to us (Scheer, 2003). Contingency approach is not dominant nowadays as it does not prepare the employees for change rather it tells to wait for the problems to happen and then tackle those problems which is not viable. Thus change management process is more prevalent in todays world and is given the necessary recognition. Conclusion: Contingency approach is important in organizations because of the learning experience from certain situations and using these experiences in managing future prospects of such situations (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). The change management models are useful in the way that they simplify and describe a process so that the principles can be applied and understood. Contingency approach is not dominant nowadays and change management is more prevalent. References: Businessballs.com,. (2015). change management principles, process, tips and change theory and models. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.businessballs.com/changemanagement.htm Education Portal,. (2015). Contingency Approach of Management: Definition, Example Quiz - Video Lesson Transcript | Education Portal. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/contingency-approach-of-management-definition-example-quiz.html International, K., International, K. (2015). The 8-Step Process for Leading Change - Kotter International. Kotter International. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.kotterinternational.com/the-8-step-process-for-leading-change/ Referenceforbusiness.com,. (2015). Contingency Approach to Management - organization, levels, school, company, business, Contingency perspective and organization theory. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Comp-De/Contingency-Approach-to-Management.html Scheer, A. (2003). Business process change management. Berlin: Springer. Small Business - Chron.com,. (2015). Contingency Approach Use in Business. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/contingency-approach-use-business-33893.html

Thomas Alva Edison - a Man of Practical Genius free essay sample

Thomas Edison came from humble beginnings. As he stepped off the boat that brought him from Boston and took his first step in New York, he had only one small bag and a single dollar in his possession. The only shelter that he could find was in a battery room of a company on Wall Street and this is where he spent his very first night in New York. It has been said that opinions are not always facts! This is certainly true in the case of Thomas Edison. He was born in 1847 in a little town near to Milan, Ohio on the shore of Lake Erie. Close friends and relatives called him A1. Although Thomas was quite an intelligent young boy, one of his teachers ventured their opinion and suggested to his mother that A1 had an addled brain. His furious mother removed him from the school immediately and taught Thomas herself. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Alva Edison a Man of Practical Genius or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thomas Edison would in time prove that opinions are seldom facts! Thomas Edison endured further misfortune in his lifetime. After having overcome a bout of scarlet fever and recurring ear infections in childhood and an apparent blow to the side of his head, he remained hard of hearing for the rest of his life because ofa burst eardrum. He realized that time was precious. He wanted to succeed. Thomas Edison is quoted as saying: I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward. And forward is the direction that Thomas also strove towards. Thomas Edison is generally well know for inventing the practical light bulb. His practical genius extended however to include many other inventions, perhaps less well known, but still significant. One day in 1877 Edison was working on a machine designed to record telegraphic signals on a wax cylinder. While making minor adjustments to the machine and talking to the mechanic, a needle on the achine pricked Edisons finger when he made a specific sound. Edison immediately made a rough sketch of a design that he wanted his mechanics to begin constructing. It was a machine designed to record and reproduce sounds. Upon completion, Edison picked up the ear-trumpet and spoke the first ever recorded words: Mary had a little lamb; its fleece was white as snow the phonograph was born. Thomas Edison is quoted as saying, l have not failed. Ive Just found 10,000 ways that wont work. So every time we turn on a light bulb and every time we listen to music, Thomas Edisons personal successes ensure that his legacy lives on.

A Comparison Of The Catcher In The Rye And The Adv Essays

A Comparison Of The Catcher In The Rye And The Adv Essays A Comparison Of The Catcher In The Rye And The Adventures of Huck Finn English A Comparison Of The Catcher In The Rye And The Adventures of Huck Finn by Keith Eich [emailprotected] neonet.net/keith There are a bunch of gramatical errors, but the paper got an A.. The forthcoming of American literature proposes two distinct Realistic novels portraying characters which are tested with a plethora of adventures. In this essay, two great American novels are compared: The Adventures of Huck Finn by Mark Twain and The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger. The Adventures of Huck Finn is a novel based on the adventures of a boy named Huck Finn, who along with a slave, Jim, make their way along the Mississippi River during the Nineteenth Century. The Catcher In The Rye is a novel about a young man called Holden Caulfield, who travels from Pencey Prep to New York City struggling with his own neurotic problems. These two novels can be compared using the Cosmogonic Cycle with both literal and symbolic interpretations. The Cosmogonic Cycle is a name for a universal and archetypal situation. There are six parts that make up the cycle: the call to adventure, the threshold crossing, the road of trials, the supreme test, a flight or a flee, and finally a return. There are more parts they do not necessarily fall into the same order, examples of these are symbolic death and motifs. The Cosmogonic Cycle is an interesting way to interpret literature because is Universal or correlates with any time period and any situation. The Call to Adventure is the first of the Cosmogonic Cycle. It is the actual "call to adventure" that one receives to begin the cycle. There are many ways that this is found in literature including going by desire, by chance, by abduction, and by being lured by an outside force. In The Adventures of Huck Finn, Huck is forced with the dilemma of whether to stay with his father and continue to be abused or to leave. Huck goes because he desires to begin his journey. In The Catcher In The Rye, Holden mentally is torn between experience and innocence, it would seem to him that an outside force is luring him to do something but in actuality he is beginning his journey because of his desire. The Call to Adventure is the first step in the Cosmogonic Cycle, it is the step at which the character or hero is brought into cycle. The Threshold Crossing is the second step, it is the place or the person that which the character crosses over or through into the Zone Unknown. The Zone Unknown being the place where the journey takes place. The threshold crossing is often associated with a character change or an appearance change. An example of this is in The Wizard of Oz, when the movie goes from black and white to color, showing a visual symbolic death. A symbolic death is another part to the Cosmogonic Cycle of which the character goes through a change and emerges a more complete person or more experienced. In The Adventures of Huck Finn, a symbolic death is very apparent during the scene in which Huck sets up his fathers cabin to look like Huck was brutally murder. Huck emerges as a runway child and now must be careful of what he does, so that he does not get caught. Huck also tells people false aliases for himself so that no one knows his true identity. Every time that he does this he is symbolically dying and reemerges a more experienced person. In The Catcher In The Rye, Holden also uses fake names, but Holden symbolically dies through fainting, changing the position of his red hunting hat, and is associated with bathrooms. The bathroom motif, or the reoccurring appearance of a bathroom, symbolizes death for Holden because he enters bathrooms with a neurotic and pragmatic frame of mind and exits with a cleared mind. The use of symbolic death and motifs is associated with the Threshold Crossing, the second step of the Cosmogonic Cycle. The Road of Trials is the next step in the Cosmogonic Cycle, which are the obstacles which the character faces throughout the literary work. In The Adventures of Huck Finn, Hucks Road of Trials occurs on the Mississippi River. He faces many obstacles, including moral decisions of right and wrong, dealing with con-artists, and helping a runaway slave. He promulgates more experienced from his journey down the river on his raft. In The Catcher In The Rye,

Why do we need so many different theories in accounting Essay - 1

Why do we need so many different theories in accounting - Essay Example It is therefore essential that this information is recorded and reported in such a way that it holds value for all its users. In this paper framework for accounting profession including different accounting theories would be discussed. Furthermore, an illustration of different accounting treatment based on different accounting approaches is also made in this paper. The accounting profession is based on values and conceptual framework that has been developed over the years. This conceptual framework incorporates different well established theories and principles which determine the methodology for recognising, measuring and recording of the company’s assets and liabilities. The framework also allows logical reasoning for addressing different accounting and financial issues and provides guidelines for incorporating the information related to these issues in the financial records. This ensures that a uniform approach could be applied to different classifications of assets and liabilities and the information that has been produced and verified can be depended upon for decision making. An accounting theory defined as â€Å"a coherent set of hypothetical, conceptual and pragmatic principles forming a general frame of reference for enquiring into the nature of accounting†(Hendriksen & Breda, 1992) therefore could be suggested to provide the necessary concepts, framework, principles, procedures, rules and regulations. Another way of looking at accounting theories is that they allow predicting accountants’ behaviour and provide basis for coherent accounting treatment of assets and liabilities. There are numerous accounting theories suggesting that there is no single comprehensive of accounting. They could be categorized into three broad areas that are 1) those providing explanation of accounting practices 2) those providing forecasts or predictions of impacts of future

Declaration of Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Declaration of Independence - Essay Example There is no big difference between the initial Declaration and the final version. Most of the wording was retained as it was in the initial document. Very minimal alterations were made on the document. In comparing Jefferson’s initial Declaration with the final version, it can be noted that most of the alterations made were on the wording in the document. This was more for the purpose of clarity than for alteration of meaning of the words in the Declaration. Of the draft presented to Congress, only two passages were rejected directly by Congress. One of the passages referred to the English people in an inappropriate manner which did not go down well with congress since even the Americans were of British roots. The other passage which denounced slavery and slave trade did not please Congress as many members owned slaves and were not willing to set them free. The alterations of the wording in the document was to give the document a more personalized feel as will be explained by the following examples. Some of the alterations for example at the start of the Declaration where the article â€Å"of† is changed to â€Å"by†, was intended to bring out the aspect of personalization. The alteration of the words â€Å"sacred & undeniable† to read â€Å"self evident† may have been done to avoid the statement a religious feel. Some alterations were made for grammatical purposes to avoid unintended meanings from statements. This is evident in the second paragraph where the article â€Å"in† was deleted before the word â€Å"rights†. It is clear from this example that inclusion of the article would have given the statement a different meaning that was not intended by the drafters of the declaration. Other alterations may have been made to correct human error as in the case where Jefferson deletes the words â€Å"he has dissolved† from the beginning of a line he was writing. It is clear that this was because he was repeating the previous line and on

Automobile Industry Essay Example for Free

Automobile Industry Essay †¢Key drivers of the automobile sector are economic conditions, governments and regulations, consumer demands and interests, globalization and technological innovations †¢Generally, if the economic conditions are constant and good, people will seems willing to buy vehicles more than ever in all around world. In contrast, if economic conditions are bad, sales graphs will reverse and companies start to lose money. Firms should decide right production numbers in every condition and this capacity exactly depends on economic circumstances. †¢People are more conscious about what they except from a car and firms must satisfy these needs to survive in this sector. Even luxury automotive brands start to produce low fuel consumptions engines, otherwise they will collapse rapidly. †¢As usual, globalization is one of the crucial key drivers of automobile industry like every sector. After the globalization, brands start to do partnerships with each other to enter the different markets and they develop new technological innovations more cheap and useful all around the world. †¢In addition to these factors, governments’ regulations are one of the major determinants of global auto industry. The country’s’ legislation about emissions, environment and recycling are the key factors of brands investments. In European Union, the mutual regulations order that emission rate is lower than other regions and as a result of that firms should produce accordingly to these legislations. The Automobile Market †¢The automobile industry has become important after the globalization because people want to travel with more comfortably, safely and rapidly with their cars. Concordantly, while automobile sector is developing in every part of it, the global transportation sector benefit from positively. For instance; Rolls-Royce is producing both plane and car motors and Volvo is producing car and sea boats engines too. So, firms help to enlarge and develop in every transportation tools, not only cars. †¢The automobile industry consists of fuel, tire, and insurance firms. Also, mostly the luxurious brands are working with ranking fashion companies such as; Gucci(Fiat) and Hermes(Bugatti) and sound system companies like as; Bang Olufsen (Audi, Mercedes, BMW, Aston Martin) and Naim (Bentley). †¢On the other hand, after the globalization, automobile brands start to work together in some regions all around the world. They invest more money on RD departments and sharing their knowledge to improve all transportation vehicles. †¢Germany, United States, Japan and Korean producers are the bestsellers all around the world. These countries mostly take control all over the world. Such as: Volkswagen is one of the biggest companies in automobile sector and it has got several brands such as; Audi, Lamborghini, Bentley, Bugatti and Seat. Company produces car for every segment. †¢In addition, especially for the last decade, market start to tend to produce more clean motors which do not harm to the environment. Also, they try to produce completely using electricity engines for all vehicles and using solar panels. As a result of that, the concept of climate change cause occurs a new market in automobile sector. Key Country Markets †¢In this chapter of report, I will mention about Japan, United States, Germany and Korean automotive producers because Toyota and Honda from Japan are the best and most well-known brands, Volkswagen from Germany is the head of locomotive in this industry for all parts of it, GM and Ford are the biggest companies from United states and Hyundai, which is becoming more powerful in everyday from Korea. †¢Volkswagen is the second best seller in 2012 after the GM and they are in front of Toyota. Generally, German cars are best vehicles that showed by automobile specialists from all over the word in every segment. Volkswagen, (if we look at the Exhibit 1) has got several different brands like; Lamborghini, Bentley, Audi, Bugatti, Skoda and Seat. They have product range from low-consumption cars to the luxury vehicles, as a result of that they are producing well- quality vehicles. †¢Toyota and Honda are the most favorable brands from Japan against to American and German manufacturers. Toyota Corolla is the world’s best seller mass production model and Toyota has got successful models as like Corolla too. In addition, Honda is one of the biggest and accomplished gasoline engine producers. Also, these two Japan brands are investing their money on hybrid and electric motor more than ever other brands. †¢GM is best seller brand in 2011, they sold approximately ten million cars and they have got various vehicle models. GM has got various brands such as; Chevrolet, Opel, Vauxhall, GMC, Buick and Cadillac. Also Ford is the one of the biggest key driver of the market. †¢Hyundai is one of the most developing auto brands for last decade. They start to produce well engines, comfortable and good looking cars. On the other hand, Hyundai is one of the biggest partnerships of Kia (%49. 2) which is the second biggest brand from Korea. †¢As we can see clearly, these 6 brands from 4 country of the world are the leaders of this sector. Also, they own various brands in their group and they are using this superiority against to the other brands. Sector Trends †¢Brands should produce low-consumption engines and obey emission and governments’ regulations to survive. †¢Nearly all automotive producers are using same technology on their vehicles; they need to work on these researches together to be more beneficial for humanity. For instance; Mercedes-Benz and BMW are sharing RD departments studies with each other and both of them working together to develop new technologies. †¢People are expecting more useful cars from producers like, they want both athletic and reliable vehicles, as a result of that firms has got new opportunities to create new model segments based on these requirements. †¢Transportation vehicles are developing in every day and automobiles is one of the crucial parts of this situation. Firms are increasing their sales number in every year and they need to satisfy their customers’ requirements in a perfect way. †¢Climate change is one of the determinants of this sector, so firms should pay attention to this issue seriously, they need to obey governments’ regulations and produce new technologies which will be not harmful for nature. †¢Hybrid and electric engines will be the most popular trends in this sector next decades; people would prefer clean engines and low-priced energy, so sector must be improved itself rapidly. Key Success Factor. †¢In this sector there are several success factor which is decided by people and worlds’ requirements; †¢Firms must produce more secure cars because, if we compare transportation systems, motorway is the most dangerous one and, the number of accidents’ proofs it. Brands should work together on security services. For instance; Volvo which is one of the securest brand on the world, claims that after 2020, any people will die in a traffic accident that drive a Volvo. †¢Engines success based on the fuel-efficiency, not harmful for the environment and being long-life. These conditions should be priority for brands RD departments. †¢Practicality needs to be developing parallel with previous items. People do not want to send various tools in the future; they will only buy contently vehicles. The Future Outlook and Expectations of Automobile Sector †¢People will need cars in the future more than now, producers’ need to satisfy this demand with new technology engines, they should create alternative energy resources which will be not harmful for the environment and firms need to develop safety features to prevent traffic accidents. †¢In the future people need transportation systems because of the longer distances, in every transportation way need to develop it. †¢Brands need to improve driverless vehicles because market will tend in that way. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW The Automotive Industry Overview The automotive industry is one of the crucial sectors for humanity and it has been developing from industrial revolution to now. After the first engine was discovered in 1885 by Karl Benz, engineers found various inventions to make easier of people life. Industry had developed too much nowadays, engineers work on different technological tools and they need to show pay attention many different regulations in today’s world. At the beginning, the most important part was the engine but now automotive industry involves a wide range of business lines such as; manufacture, design, development, marketing and selling motor vehicles, motorcycles. Last year, there were approximately one billion cars which are registered on the world and this number is increasing sharply year by year. Parallel with that, consumes gasoline and diesel fuel multiply with every new car addict to the traffic. On the other hand, this sector employees thousands of people and creates new opportunities to undeveloped countries. In addition to these information’s about automobile sector, we should absolutely mention about the economy of which it creates and process. Currently, mostly the all automotive brands are owned by developed countries and they made their substructure investments all around the world, especially undeveloped countries. After the globalization, firms decide to set-up their factories at low skilled labor force countries. However, this decision affects both sides positively, producer’s limits cost and undeveloped countries’ economies start to develop. According to the OICA (The International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers that, â€Å"If vehicle manufacturing was a country it would be sixth largest economy in the world. † in 2007. This shows that the contribution of automobile industry to the undeveloped countries’ economies. Also, the industries turnover 2 trillion dollars and if we comparing of this turnover of GDP with other economies in the world, proof that it can compete economic power of Italy, France or the UK. India is one of the greatest examples of the success at their economic improvement. Tata Motors, which Indian automobile brand owned Jaguar and Land Rover last year and they developed it perfectly in 2 years. After these 2 years, Jaguar and Land Rover increased their profitability nearly in half and when we think about these two brands are luxury brands, these numbers are spectacular. On the other hand, firms expanding nearly 85 billion dollars on Research Development departments. These budgets shaped by customer’s demand, so this sector is one of the innovative ones and it still produce new technologies. However, automobile sector has got unfavorable situations like; economic crises. If we make a research about when firms sales numbers decreased or companies made loss we will realize that on that era, world or the some regions is in economic crises. For instance; last biggest economic crises in 2008, when we look at the production number, it will decrease nearly %12. 7 compare to the previous year. These numbers are same with the other economic crises and automobile sector affect from them firstly. Key Country Markets United States. Todays’ world America is the one of the world’s biggest automotive producer with two brand; GM and Ford. GM has got various sub-brands in itself from different segments. These two brands sell their cars all over the world and both of them are most knowable automobile producers. However, in 2008, worlds’ biggest economic crises occurred GM was nearly bankrupt in an unbelievable way. This means, world would lost one of the old and essential brands, thousands of people would lost their job and American economy got hurt again after the Lehman Brothers. Hopefully; government decided to help GM and they saved the firm quickly. Japan Toyota is the most valuable automobile producer in the world; its net value is 131 billion dollars. Also one of the models, Corolla is the best seller model one the world and it has been sold nearly forty million from 1966 to 2012. In addition to the Toyota, Honda is another successful Japan auto brand too. They have got accomplished sales numbers and firm is producing one of the best gasoline engines. According to the consumers, Toyota could be the best competitor against to the German auto makers. Firm is producing in same quality with Germans but they are selling them cheaper than German brands. This is Toyotas’ major successful strategy also, company uses Japans’ engineering and technology which is the worlds’ best ones. They produced worlds’ first hybrid car and investing a huge part of their money on electric, clean and cheap motors. Germany The locomotive of the industry is Volkswagen right now and it will not change for two or three decades. Only the Volkswagens’ value is 76. 3 billion dollars and company has got several brands like; Audi (28. 5 billion$), Porsche (15.3billion$), Lamborghini, Bentley, Bugatti, Seat and Skoda. This German brand is producing most usable models with low-consumption engines, low prices and the safety of German engineering. Volkswagen is shaping the trends of the industry and other brands are following it right now. Firm has got different models from every consumer group and they make it an opportunity to be successful in the future. Korean Asia’s’ economy is the world’s fastest growing economy in nowadays. They are growing better than Europe and United States, as a result of those brands of this region are developing too. Hyundai is only the one of them; they are creating new models, developing current models and enter new markets. The firm move considerably forward when we compare a decade ago, their substructure and technological systems improver very well, also; they are producing more reliable and comfortable vehicles. This Korean brand will be one of the serious auto brands in the future if they are going in that way. Economic Impact of Automobile Sector The automotive industry has a big impact on every economy, it consist nearly every economy in the world. Every country in the world has got a part from this sector and thousands of people work in this industry. It is really crucial for transportation sector because, firms are using or developing same motors on different transportation vehicles. On the other hand, auto sector has got great impact on countries economy. If a country has got a factory or some service area about this sector, it will include a huge part of country’s’ economy. For instance; America worked really hard to save GM from the 2008 economic crises, they spend too much money because, if GM bankrupted, America’s economy will affect in deeply (if we look at Exhibit 3). Also, Ford decide to sale Aston Martin and Volvo at this era, these two brand had not good sales number and they will be harmful for the company if they do not sale them. Automobile brands have a great impact on country’s economy just like banks, executives should be careful about this issue seriously because it can be affect from economic crises easily so, they need to take a decision in long-term. Market Segmentation The automobile industry has a got long operation process; it has various segments in it. Firstly, R D department research what people need or what they want from a vehicle. After that, this part start to make prototypes or create stereotypes which engineers and designers can build on these examples. Designers work on cars aerodynamic, shape and how it looks. In addition, engineers work on substructure parts of the car such as; lights, engine, transmission and safety systems. While they are producing this prototype, they do various tests on car and finally they can send it to the dealers. Dealers, order number of cars and they prepare launches to introduce cars to the customers. After the sale of car, the service department starts to interest with car. They call them to the services periodically and customers can visit them anytime they have a problem with their car. Consequently, this industry has got major segment such as; R D department, designing and crating new technologies, before sale and bring together with market and customers. Finally, service department take care about our cars problem. Five Force Analyses Threats of New Entrants The automobile sector is could be most risky market on the world because you need to much money to invest on it, heritage is really important for customers and this sector is the first sector that affected from economic crises. Otherwise, without any new technology or price policy you will not survive much long and if someone decides to build up an automobile company, he/she will definitely work with local government. On the other hand, if someone wants to get this sector, he/she has got a change with new technological features. For instance; Fisker and Tesla are the new entrants at this sector and they invest their money on clean, hybrid and electrical engines. They also try to design good-looking car with solar panels and other recyclable energies. Bargaining Power of Suppliers In this case bargaining power of suppliers is not really strong. It is not powerful as healthcare sector or another sector because if people do not want to buy a private car, they can choose other transportation ways or the can choose nothing. However, in healthcare sector people absolutely need doctors, hospitals or medicine to survive but it is not same for this sector. In addition, globalization affect make peoples’ life easier and humans are used to it and buying a private car became a priority after purchasing a house. Generally, if a person owns a house, he/she will buy a car with how much money he/she got. This is the strongest part of the sector; unfortunately it has got negatives parts too. Bargaining Power of Buyers These sectors’ trends and demand is shaped by customer’s preferences, so the bargaining power of buyers is really strong. If humans do not like a model, they will not buy it and producers stop to produce it but if they like it producer need to produce it as much as it can to be successful. Right now, the demand on this sector is low-consumption engines and be not harmful to the environment so producers start to produce models and engines in this way, otherwise they cannot be able to sell a car. Availability of Substitutes In automobile industry, the availability of substitutes is not actually but there is only one way to change it is create new substructure concepts in the sector. For instance; Tesla and Fisker do that in a perfect way, they only focus on hybrid and electric engines and people recognize them with these concepts at everywhere. You cannot change industry but you can be able to change its direction. Intensity of Existing Rivalry There are many brands on the market, even in one country own more than one automobile brand, as a result of that the intensity of existing rivalry is really high. As I mentioned before that, there are five leader brands in the market but other big or small brands are successful as like them too. The most important think is the design of the automobile but now it has got no meaning because firms are usually work with same designers and models are not changing too much even in different brands. However, the most competitive concept is price policy according to the government’s tax payments systems. Key Success Factors for Automobile Sector There are different types of key success factor for automobile sector are based on the region, substructure features, purchase power. Producers need to show pay attention to these factors because it will determinate their sales numbers and profitability. The most important factor knows the region very well. I mean dealers and head quarter of the brand should be aware of the consumers’ requirements. Also they need to sale cars which are not be against to the governments’ legislations. For instance; European Union has got sharp and certain laws about carbon dioxide emission, so dealers need to focus on engines which are consuming few. However, United States not sign Kyoto Protocol, so they do not have any legislation for emissions right now, dealers can focus on high mass engines. In addition to the region, substructure features are crucial for auto makers because people always want to buy a car which has got advanced features even they will never use them. However, conscious consumer will demand low-consumption engines and brands need to produce engines according to that demand. In other words, firms need to decide their target audience perfectly and producing substructure features with these conditions. Lastly, the third factor is purchase power. In my opinion, this factor is the most crucial determinant in this sector because every brand starts to produce in same quality vehicles. However they need to know country’s economies and sale their models in that way (if we look at Exhibit 4). For instance; America one of the highest purchase power countries in the world and they really like to own cool, luxurious and spectacular cars, they can buy two three or even more than these number cars. In contrast, European nations have got the same purchase power but they want to buy one or two cars and they are looking to being useful, low consumption and quality vehicles. The Future of Automobile Sector In the future, transportation systems will be developing in all around the world because people want to move from A to B faster, comfortably, safely and cheaply. Producers need to know these requirements and produce car with these features. Firstly, brands need to focus on low-consumption cars, I mean hybrid and electric engines because they are cheaper than current technology and governments provide laws for this situation. Secondly, they need to produce safety cars than now because people will demand on secure system in the future. On the other hand, they need to produce usable cars such as Audis’ All Road, they have been developed for all road conditions and you can use them only in one car. Consequently, people will never forget or reject driving a car but producers need to answer climate, people and governments requirements. If someone produce a car with low price and costs with cover a long distance in a comfortably they will become the most successful brand in the world.

A Raisin in the Sun Essay: Importance of Deferred Dreams

Importance of Deferred Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun      Ã‚   A dream is a hope, a wish, and an aspiration. Young people have dreams about what they want to be when they grow up. Parents have dreams for their children's future. Not all of these dreams come true at the desired moment - these dreams are postponed or "deferred". A deferred dream is put on the "back burner of life"(Jemie 219), and it matures to its full potential, and is waiting when you are "ready to pursue it"(Jemie 219). It is assumed that the deferred event, though later than hoped for, will eventually come true.    Deferred dreams are a significant component of "A Raisin in the Sun"; the word "dream" is used a total of fourteen times throughout the play. Mama, from "A Raisin in the Sun", experienced a "dream deferred" (Hughes). Mamas dreams were for the happiness of her children, and a new house. She and her husband Big Walter put everything they had into getting that house "with a little garden in the back" (Hansberry). When she gets the insurance payment after her husbands death and puts money down on a house in Clybourne Park, she is ecstatic. The dream was deferred many times. She and Big Walter simply didn't have the money to purchase a house and move out of the apartment. "I s... ...ill likely come true.    Works Cited: Hansberry, Lorraine.   A Raisin in the Sun.   New York:   Signet, 1988. Hughes, Langston. "Dream Deferred." Perrine's Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. Ed. Thomas R. Arp. Ft. Worth: HBJ, 1998. 637. Jemie, Onwuchekwa. "Langston Hughes." CLC. Vol. 35. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski. Detroit: Gale, 1985. 219-220. King, Martin Luther, Jr. "A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. James M. Washington. San Francisco: Harper, 1986. Wintz, Gary D. "Langston Hughes." CLC. Vol. 10. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Gale, 1979. 279-280.

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative research is one of the ways doing research that involves only looking at the quality and not having any results that are quantifiable. This means that the conclusions that are made from a qualitative research are usually based on the secondary research, that is, other researches and conversations have to say. Qualitative research deals with either going through older researches that have already taken place and then using them as a support for taking interviews and focus groups of people or the target market that the research is looking for. This is the main objective of any qualitative research.â€Å"Qualitative is one of the two major approaches to research methodology in social sciences. Qualitative research involves an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern human behaviour. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research relies on reasons behind various aspects of behaviour. † (Wikipedia, 2007 ) Introduction to the Research The research that has been picked up for criticism is that which was done by a student on the garment industry in the subcontinent. There are a number of problems that are faced in this industry and there is not a lot that if happening from the WTO side.This is what the research carries further. Criticizing a Research Firstly, looking at the introduction of the paper, it does not explain the garment industry completely. The paper begins with a lot of numbers being thrown such as the garment number in the United States of America. Whenever, a research is conducted it is necessary that the researcher ensure that the secondary research be comparable to that of the research that is being conducted. If the research is being conducted about the subcontinent then there is a need that the garment industry of another developing country be analyzed rather than that of a developed country.The researcher must be careful when choosing such secondary data because it could be damaging to the results of the research. Another problem with the research’s introduction is that the explanation is too brief. The introduction is supposed to do a complete overview of the industry at to what the major products are and what are the current problems in this industry. Yet another point is that at this stage, the researcher should have provided some numbers of the subcontinent in a valid format so that the reader would have a better idea of the situation in the garment sector.The researcher is not going with a flow. There is a need to take up a complete flow of the information and ensure that there are no dead ends to the text. The last sentence of the research does not go with the entire introduction and it seems too abrupt and a lot of rephrasing is required. The next section of the research is the introduction of the WTO. According to a reader’s understanding, the introduction of the WTO should have come before that of the garment industry because the WTO would then be relat ed in the introduction of the industry, which has not been done.The introduction of the WTO is not a complete flow of statements but is rather just a list of the events that had occurred for WTO. The researcher should have taken out time to phrase the numbers and the events into statements so that the reader would be able to make sense of the format of the paper. There are a number of abbreviations that have been provided in the research but there is no glossary at the end of the research that explains what each abbreviation means. There are also no definitions of the operational terms that have been used throughout the research.The paper then goes about discussing the problems in the garment industry. There is no flow of the information and there is a lot of abruptness in the paper. Any reader will not understand what the research is about which also leads to another point. Any research always has an executive summary attached in the beginning of the paper so that the reader can ha ve a quick preview of the contents of the paper, also by looking at the table of contents, and understand the matter of the paper, whether it is worth reading or not.This is exactly what this researcher must also have done when he / she must have looked for articles. It is impossible going through the main matter of all the researches that a researcher would include in the secondary data. At first the researcher will look for understanding the article’s overview and then consider it as a source of data. To help guide the reader throughout the research, the researcher should have provided a clear summary of all the terms that are being used in the paper along with a few major points of the research as to what is being evaluated.There is no clear indication of what the research aims to look for. â€Å"Simply put, it investigates the why and how of decision making, as compared to what, where, and when of quantitative research. Hence, the need is for smaller but focused samples rather than large random samples. From which, qualitative research categorizes data into patterns as the primary basis for organizing and reporting results. † (Wikipedia, 2007 ) The researcher has then gone into providing recommendations and solutions to the two problems that were identified in the research.The solutions have been described very technically with a lot of understanding and analysis and it seems that the researcher knows what is being talked about. However, there is still some discrepancy on the sentence phrasing. The researcher has concentrated upon the branding side of the garment industry and there are a number of terms that are used here as well. However, there is a need to note that the researcher did not help the reader understand the whole situation first before providing the recommendations. The reader must know what the situation is like and what has currently been done for such industries that are not flourishing.There are a number of problems with the way the research is carrying forward because a reader would be unable to follow the whole idea and analyze it. The researcher has provided a lot of insight into the research such as the different options that are available to the industry to take control of such as branding themselves so that there would be a lesser possibility of competition from the foreign brands that have taken over such as Nike. The suggestions have proved to be quite helpful but then there is the problem of the researcher jumping from one section of the paper to another.There is a lot to provide to the reader and it seems like the researcher was unable to put it in a logical manner. Arranging information in a logical manner is a very important part of research because there is a lot of text that is going about and there is a need to keep the reader on track and help him / her understand every bit of the research. There is a requirement to follow these guidelines so that the research can be deemed helpful and successful and help in future researches on the same topic if there is any.The next thing that the researcher has jumped to is the external analysis of the industry. This should have been done before the whole introduction to the problems because there are a number of readers who would not have an idea of the factors that may affect the garment industry. The same problem occurs when the researcher is talking about the value chain analysis and this is why there could be a lot of problems with the technique that the researcher has used for placing the information. There is a need for the researcher to have a second look at the stream of information being provided.At the end of the paper, there is a description of a store that is currently selling clothes in the subcontinent and has been very successful because it deals with a brand and this is why the company is also facing a lot of brand equity. The conclusion of the paper was not available and hence, there is nothing that could have been drawn from the whole paper that was read. There was also no referencing that was done at the end of the paper. Such a violation would cause plagiarism which is not considered as lawful. References Wikipedia. (2007). Qualitative Method. Retrieved on May 10, 2007 from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Qualitative_method

Capital Punishment Is An Appropriate Method Of Punishment...

Capital punishment as it is administered in the United States is not an appropriate method of punishment. This is not an appropriate method because it causes more bad consequences than good. The cost of the death penalty far out costs the money needed to keep a person in prison their whole life. This form of punishment is old and barbaric. The death penalty causes corruption through the judiciary system by the jury and lawyers. There is a chance of putting an innocent person to death (Messerli, 2016). Any form of punishment that hurts the functioning of our country or takes away a basic human’s right to life, is not an appropriate means of punishment. A punishment that would hurt the functioning of the government would be one that cost its taxpayers more money or causes disrupt through corruption. And everyone is born with the basic human right to life and no one should be able to infringe on that. The death penalty cost the states more money to operate the execution then it w ould to leave the person to live the rest of their life in prison. In Nebraska, an estimated $14.6 billion dollars are used to maintain the capital punishment method (Dealth Penalty Information Center, 2016). It is also said that taxpayers have to pay approximately $1.5 million more dollars a year to have people on death row then to just have them sentenced to life in prison. The state spends an average of 0.61% more tax money on appeals and court costs. A case in which death penalty is sought atShow MoreRelatedIs Capital Punishment Immoral? Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesIs Capital Punishment Immoral? In a Kantian world with moral laws, capital punishment does not seem to be a theoretical solution for punishing murders. But when someone does commit murder those individuals render their rights, and henceforth would acknowledge their action with consequences, such as capital punishment. Jeffrey H. 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